In many cases, ore with a total iron content of 60% to 63%, or greater, is regarded as high grade, and ore with a lower iron content is regarded as low grade. In the face of shrinking world reserves of highgrade ores, ores must now be concentrated before further processing. The iron ore concentrate is now mixed and ready for the pelletizing process. The process of pelletizing combines mixing which can hold different types of ores and the formation of raw iron ore pellets, also known as. The current iron ore resources of about 25 billion tones will last for 75 to 85 years as steel production touches 400 million tons by 2020 2. Ores are also classified as follows, according to their.
These lowgrade ores 2530%fe are quite exceptionally hard and abrasive and are known locally as taconites. Higher production higher iron content lower energy robust pellets. Pelletizing is a process which involves mixing of very finely ground particles of iron ore fines having a size which is less than 200 mesh 0. Creating steel from lowgrade iron ore requires a long process of mining, crushing, separating, concentrating, mixing, pelletizing, and shipping. A wide range of different materials are pelletized including chemicals, iron ore, animal compound feed, plastics, and more. This process generates iron ore filter cake which needs to be pelletized to be used in the steel making process. Beneficiation plants and pelletizing plants for utilizing low. He deals with various aspects from raw materials for pelletizing, processes, equipment, technologies, effect of additives on the metallurgical. The ratio for gratekiln pellets has increased to 55. Iron ore pelletization technology and its environmental. This also applies to iron ores of the nonmagnetic type which after a reducing roast are amenable to magnetic separation. Effectiveness of organic binders for iron ore pelletization. Iron ore pellets are marblesized balls of iron ore that are fused with clay for transportation, and used in steel manufacture.
Effectiveness of organic binders for iron ore pellenzation by larry a. Such hematite concentrates present special problems and their exploitation has been a major concern of the cleveland cliffs iron company. For the pelletizing of iron ore there are two main types of processes namely, the straight travelling grate stg process and the grate kiln gk process. Iron ore pellets market size and statistics industry report. Pelletizing of iron ores kurt meyer national library of. These are typically fed to a blast furnace or dri plant as. Pelletizing is the process of compressing or molding a material into the shape of a ore processing for the blast furnace. Bureau of mines investigated the use of organic binders as substitutes for bentonite in. Also during the processing of high grade iron ores which dont need beneficiated, fines which are generated can be pelletized and used instead of being disposed of. Jun 05, 20 pelletizing wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. The iron pelletizing process is often associated with low grade iron ore following a range of liberation techniques to prepare and make suitable for the blast furnace.
Kurt meyer pelletizing iron ores iron ore pelletization by kurt meyer galgotiasbschool. In the usa the steel and ore companies saw in this the authors are with the research and development division, head wrightson and co ltd, thornabyontees, england. Metso is the only supplier in the world that has both the straight grate and the grate kiln process for pelletizing. All such plants are large tonnage operations treating up to 50,000 tons per day and. Us2799572a iron ore pelletizing process and product. The manufacture of steel from a lowgrade iron ore involves processes like mining, crushing, separating, concentrating, mixing, pelletizing, and shipping. Beneficiation plants and pelletizing plants for utilizing low grade. Iron ore pellets and pelletization process ispatguru.
Iron ore can be upgraded to a higher iron ore content through beneficiation. This chapter aims to provide an overview and the evolution of iron ore pelletizing process. The whyalla pellet plant, which commenced production in may 1968, is examined in detail to illustrate the general principles of pelletizing. Binder composition for pelletizing iron ore download pdf. Circular pelletizing technology industry trends lack of lump ore circular pelletizing technology strong tendency towards mining of fine ore ultra fine ore grades 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020 19401960 coarse hematite lump ore 200mm 19601980 coarse fines lump ore 1275mm 19802000 fines lump ore 1037mm 2000future fines. Beneficiation plants and pelletizing plants for utilizing. Iron ores and iron oxide materials 50 bentonite, an inorganic binder, has been the main binder used in the iron ore pelletizing process since the beginning of pellet production in the 1950s. Seqiolivine improves the sintering and pelletizing. Iron ore pelletizing clariant mining solutions youtube. The fines resulting from the concentration process must be agglomerated for use in iron and steelmaking.
Download limit exceeded you have exceeded your daily download allowance. Typically limestone, dolomite and olivine is added and bentonite is used as binder the process of pelletizing combines mixing of. The magnetite raw material are concentrated separately thorough the concentrating plant as illustrated in figure 1. The use of conventional bentonite binder is favorable in terms of mechanical and metallurgical pellet properties, however, because of its acid constituents bentonite is considered as impurity especially for iron ores with high acidic content. Metso iron ore pelletization iron ore pelletization. This plant converts high grade iron ore fines into high quality pellets at a rate in excess of 2 million tons per year. He deals with various aspects from raw materials for pelletizing, processes, equipment, technologies, effect of additives on the metallurgical properties of pellets and more. An overview find, read and cite all the research you need on researchgate. Pelletizing is the process of compressing or molding a material into the shape of a pellet.
The iron ore production has significantly expanded in recent years, owing to increasing steel demands in developing countries. Iron ore pellets market size by grade blast furnace, direct reduction, by balling technology balling disc, balling drum, by application steel production, iron based chemicals, by steelmaking technology electric arc furnace, electric induction furnace, oxygen basedblast furnace, by product source hematite, magnetite, by pelletizing process travelling grate, grate kiln, industry. Iron ore pellets are spheres of typically 616 mm 0. The invention also refers to process for preparing iron ore pellets wherein a composition comprising bentonite and molasses is used as binder. This chapter shows the status of the pelletizing process. Metso metso iron ore pelletization iron ore pelletization.
Iron ore fines are agglomerated into pellets and then indurated using a furnace to create iron ore pellets. This book is a reference in the knowledge of iron ore pelletizing. Introduction to iron ore pellets and pelletizing processes. The mining of iron ore has a prime importance among. Pelletizing process and raw materials the iron ore is mined mostly from open pit deposits through mining operations and the raw product, run of mine, is subjected to mineral processing. Last year, in 2006, lkab produced through this gratekiln process 3. Wo2009109024a1 binder composition for pelletizing iron ore. Organic binders are the most studied binders and they yield pellets with good wet strength. Particular attention was given to the ferruginous rocks adjacent to the main ore bodies of the mesabi range. The use of binders for iron ore pelletizing is required to. I have had the pleasure to study at usm surrounded by glad and enthusiastic people. The ratio in the output from the three main pelletizing technologies changes depending on practical circumstances, such as iron ore reserves, iron ore types, market demand, and required investment. Pelletizing of iron ores kurt meyer free ebook download as pdf file.
These are typically fed to a blast furnace or dri plant as part of the process to make steel. Basicity in this context is the ratio between the weight percent of cao and sio2. These ores have been called the michigan counterpart of the minnesota taconites, but the iron mineral is recoverable by flotation and gravity methods, rather than by magnetic concentration. A brief introduction to recent developments in iron ore pelletizing is provided in this chapter, including the world output of fired pellets, pellet production processes, preparation of pellet.
However, the content of iron in ore deposits has deteriorated and lowgrade iron ore has been processed. Iron ore pelletizing iron ore fines are agglomerated into pellets and then indurated using a furnace to create iron ore pellets these are typically fed to a blast furnace or dri plant as part of the process. Pelletizing a pellet plant contains a series of balling drums where the iron ore concentrate is formed into soft pellets, in much the same manner that one rolls a snowball, to make a pellet about the size of a marble between 14 and 12. The remaining 2% of domestic iron ore was produced for nonsteel end uses. Pelletization is an agglomeration process of iron ore concentrates with a granulometry. New york wikipedia citation please see wikipedias template documentation for further citation fields that may be required.
The quality of iron ore deposits, however, has deteriorated worldwide as a result of longterm mining, and the existing mines are having increasing difficulty in. The process of making pellets from iron ore is called pelletizing. Iron and steel industry is considered the backbone of industrial development. Seven openpit iron ore mines each with associated concentration and pelletizing plants, and three iron metallic plantsone directreduced iron dri plant in louisiana and two hotbriquetted iron hbi plants in indiana and texasoperated during. Hematite and magnetite are the prominent of the iron ores found in india. Pellets form one of the best options, thanks to their excellent physical. Of these, hematite is considered to be the most important iron ore because of its high grade quality and lumpy nature, which. In summary, pelletizing is achieved by combining the iron ore with water and a specific binder which is then rolled up in drum to produce relatively uniform pellets which can. The most important has to do with the iron content. Pelletizing process and raw materials the iron ore is mined mostly from open pit deposits through mining operations and the raw. Traveling grate 5664 mm x 69500 mm rotary kiln 6858 mm diameter x 45720 mm long annular cooler 21945 mm x 3657 mm plant commissioning.
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